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BRL Abstracts Database |
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Your search for ultrasound produced 3296 results. Page 289 out of 330
| Title |
Ultrasonic diffraction characterization of tissue. |
| Author |
Waag RC, Lerner RM, Lee PK, Gramiak R. |
| Journal |
Rep Ultrasound in Biomed |
| Volume |
|
| Year |
1978 |
| Abstract |
No abstract available. |
| Title |
Ultrasonic Dosimetry. |
| Author |
O'Brien WD Jr. |
| Journal |
Book Chapter |
| Volume |
|
| Year |
1978 |
| Abstract |
No abstract available. |
| Title |
Ultrasonic echo tomography through skull bone. |
| Author |
Ylitalo J. Koivukangas J. |
| Journal |
Proc IEEE Ultrasonic Symposium |
| Volume |
|
| Year |
1989 |
| Abstract |
A special ultrasonic echo-tomography method was applied to trans-skull imaging of the human brain. The method requires only a single scan to acquire data from the object. An ordinary CT-reconstruction scheme with compensation capability for the speed differences due to the skull bone is used. In experiments the subject was immersed in a water bath and scanned by the CT technique. A two-point resolution of about 3 mm was achieved for trans-skull imaging using 1-MHz ultrasound. For comparison, a human brain tumor (oligodendroglioma) was imaged using a commercial 3.5-MHz transducer (B-scan) and the custom 1-MHz transducer, both without intervening skull bone and through skull bone (echo tomography). The results are in good agreement with each other, showing that trans-skull imaging of the brain is feasible. The findings are clinically significant, especially in terms of pediatric brain diagnosis and postoperative follow-up. |
| Title |
Ultrasonic effects on alveolar macrophages in suspension. |
| Author |
Leake ES, Wright MJ, Kremkau FW. |
| Journal |
J Clin Ultrasound |
| Volume |
|
| Year |
1980 |
| Abstract |
Rabbit alveolar macrophages in suspension were exposed to 5 or 10 min of continuous 2-MHz ultrasound with 5, 10, and 15 W/cm2 spatial average intensities. Viability as determined by dye exclusion decreased with increasing intensity. Pressure experiments indicated that this was a result of acoustic cavitation. Ultrasound induced clumping of cells and often reduced membrane ruffling. Some cells were disintegrated. Cells that appeared to be otherwise intact had swollen.mitochondria with ruptured cristae. |
| Title |
Ultrasonic effects on biological structures. |
| Author |
Braginskaya FI, Dunn F. |
| Journal |
Biofizika |
| Volume |
|
| Year |
1981 |
| Abstract |
Several important generalizations can be made concerning the interaction of cavitation ultrasound and biological structures including cellular and molecular phenomena. Physicochemical modifications of nucleic acid bases are independent on whether the bases are individually in sonicated solution or they are incorporated within DNA molecule. The ultrasonic effects involving cavitation phenomena obey pseudomonomolecular (first-order) kinetics, as a function of the amplitude of the acoustic parameter and time of exposure. |
| Title |
Ultrasonic effects on dacus dorsalis. |
| Author |
Hayes CF, Chingon HT, McMurdo MB, Ikeda MB, Sanderson SL, Deaver J. |
| Journal |
Ultrasound Med Biol |
| Volume |
|
| Year |
1983 |
| Abstract |
Larvae of Dacus dorsalis (Hendel), the oriental fruit fly, were exposed to cw ultrasound at frequencies of 43, 123 and 447 kHz, with eggs also exposed to 43 and 447 kHz. Mortality as a function of ultrasonic intensity and duration of exposure was determined. At 43 kHz, no eggs or larvae were found to survive 0.5 W/cm2 or 0.2 W/cm2, respectively. Also at higher frequencies the larvae were more sensitive to ultrasound than were the eggs. A dramatic increase of lethal intensity with frequency suggests cavitation as the mechanism by which mortality is induced. |
| Title |
Ultrasonic effects on mammalian multicellular tumor spheroids. |
| Author |
Conger AD, Ziskin MC, Wittels H. |
| Journal |
J Clin Ultrasound |
| Volume |
|
| Year |
1981 |
| Abstract |
Mammalian multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS), grown in liquid culture medium, 0.23 to 0.32 mm in diameter and consisting of 4,500 to 12,100 cells, were exposed to three ultrasonic machines: a clinical diagnostic device with an emitted.intensity of 13 mW/cm2, a therapeutic machine with emitted intensities of 1 to 3.5 W/cm2, and a laboratory emitting 12 to 50 W/cm2. (All intensities are temporal and spatial average.) Four measures of ultrasonic effect on MTS were made: decrease in diameter after treatment, damage to subsequent growth outright kill, and number of cells detached from the MTS. There was no loss in MTS size from diagnostic or therapeutic exposures. None of the exposures from any of the three machines caused any damage to subsequent growth or survival. There was no significant detachment of cells from the MTS by any of the diagnostic exposures (at 13 mW/cm2, out of 40 minutes). With the laboratory machine, a significant number of cells were detached, about 0.02% of the MTS (approximately one cell per MTS) per W/cm2 in a ten-minute exposure. Cells detached by therapeutic exposure increased linearly with exposure. On the average, 1 W/cm2 detaches about 0.5 cells per minute, per MTS, or about 0.006% of the cells in the MTS. |
| Title |
Ultrasonic energy and biological tissue. |
| Author |
Fry WJ. |
| Journal |
Rep Univ Ill - Urbana/Champaign Dept Elect Eng |
| Volume |
|
| Year |
1958-1964 |
| Abstract |
The current importance of ultrasonic energy for the investigation and modification of biological systems is reviewed and the immediately foreseeable potential apparent to the author is predicted. The uses of ultrasound in basic research studies of biological systems and medical applications are conveniently grouped into two major categories: passive uses, or those in which the acoustic field does not significantly modify either permanently or temporarily structure and/or function of the system, and active uses, or those in which modification of the system is the objective. Included within the first category are: absorption spectroscopy of solutions of macro-molecular species, microscopy of cells and tissues, absorption characteristics of gross tissue, and visualization of soft tissue structure and its dynamics. The second category includes: the use of ultrasound in neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies and the treatment of neurological disorders by the production of selective permanent or temporary changes in arrays of sites in the central nervous system, destruction of carcinogenic tissue, modification of endocrine glands, investigation of contractile and other properties of muscle, and the potentiation of ionizing radiation by simultaneous application of ultrasound. Applications of ultrasound in the biomedical field of a primarily technological nature are either mentioned only briefly or omitted entirely from the review. The "socioeconomic" factors which determine the level of financial support, and thus the rate of scientific progress, for a field are also briefly mentioned. |
| Title |
Ultrasonic enhancement of cancer radiotherapy. |
| Author |
Witcofski RL, Kremkau FW. |
| Journal |
Radiology |
| Volume |
|
| Year |
1978 |
| Abstract |
Ultrasound treatment (1.5 W/cm2, 1.9 MHz, C.W.) for 15 minutes either before or.after x irradiation reduced the TCD50 of sarcoma-180 by approximately 40% while.similar ultrasound treatment for up to 30 minutes did not reduce the TCD50 of the.C3HBA mammary adenocarcinoma. Water bath heating (44.5 degrees C for 15.minutes) after x irradiation reduced the TCD50 of both tumors. Ultrasound alone for.up to 30 minutes had no effect on growth or cure rate of either tumor. |
| Title |
Ultrasonic enhancement of nitrogen mustard cytotoxicity in mouse leukemia. |
| Author |
Kremkau FW, Kaufmann JS, Walker MM, Burch PG, Spurr CL. |
| Journal |
Cancer |
| Volume |
|
| Year |
1976 |
| Abstract |
Mouse leukemia L1210 cells were exposed to continuous wave 2 MHz, 10 W/cm(^2) ultrasound for 10 minutes while suspended in nitrogen mustard solution in vitro. Mice subsequently inoculated with these cells had longer survival times than control animals that received cells exposed to the drug but not ultrasound. Without the drug, ultrasound did not alter survival time. Tracer studies revealed increased cellular accumulation of drug under the influence of ultrasound. |
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