Bioacoustics Research Lab
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering | Department of Bioengineering
Department of Statistics | Coordinated Science Laboratory | Beckman Institute | Food Science and Human Nutrition | Division of Nutritional Sciences | College of Engineering
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William D. O'Brien, Jr. publications:

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Title A portable receiver for ultrasonic waves in air.
Author McCue JJG, Bertolini A.
Journal IEEE Trans Sonics Ultrason
Volume
Year 1964
Abstract This paper presents a design for a simple receiver of airborne ultrasounds. Though built with particular reference to the needs of biologists, the device may be of use in other applications, such as the detection of corona discharge. It is powered by standard flashlight cells, and has a loudspeaker that detects abrupt changes in level of the ultrasound. It is fundamentally a broadband receiver, with plug-in filters for achieving whatever frequency discrimination is appropriate to the application. When used at full bandwidth, the receiver has a detection threshold of about 0.01 microbar rms for millisecond pulses lying between the 3-db points of its amplifier, which are at 20 and 200 kc. The gain at 15 kc is within 10 db of that at midband; the receiver is therefore useful at all ultrasonic frequencies up to a limit of about 200 kc, which is set by the microphone design.


Title A preclinical in vivo investigation of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with radiotherapy.
Author Liu CX, Gao XS, Xiong LL, Ge HY, He XY, Li T, Zhnag HJ, Bai HZ, Lin Q, Zhang M, Xiong W, Bai Y, Asaumi J.
Journal Ultrasound Med Biol
Volume
Year 2011
Abstract This study aims to perform an in vivo investigation evaluating the injury to the pancreas and adjacent tissue of swine resulting with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) combined with radiotherapy (RT). The protocol was approved by the animal ethics committee at the Peking University First Hospital. A total of 12 domestic swine were divided into four groups: control, HIFU only, RT only and HIFU + RT. The injury to the pancreas, adjacent tissue and tissue within the acoustic path of the HIFU beam was assessed based on gross and histologic findings. For the targeted region of the pancreas, the score of the combined group was higher than that of the HIFU group and there was significant difference. For the acoustic path tissue, there was no significant difference except between the control group and the other groups. HIFU combined with RT increased the injury to the targeted pancreas, without increased injury to tissue outside of the targeted region.


Title A preliminary analysis of the ultrasound imaging characteristics of malignant breast masses as compared with x-ray mammographic appearances and the gross and microscopic pathology.
Author Harper AP, Jackson VP, Bies J, Ransburg R, Kelly-Fry E, Noe JS.
Journal Ultrasound Med Biol
Volume
Year 1982
Abstract Thirty correctly diagnosed carcinomas were chosen for retrospective analysis of their ultrasound and X-ray imaging characteristics, and correlated with pathologic examination. It was determined that the ultrasound image correlated will with that revealed by radiographic techniques. The posterior attenuation shadow and the jagged wall were the prime indicators of malignancy in this study, occurring in 90 and 87% of the cases, respectively. However, in about 67% of these masses, attenuation shadowing was revealed only by close-interval (1mm) stepwise scanning. A nonhomogeneous internal echo pattern was found in 73% of the cases. Thirteen of the 30 masses showed disturbed architecture away from the overt lesion when imaged by ultrasound techniques. Seventy per cent of these showed histological abnormalities in remote regions. Finally, it was shown that the attenuation shadowing exhibited by malignant breast masses is related to the collagen content of the lesion, expressed as fibrosis.


Title A preliminary study on the angular distribution of scattered ultrasound from bovine liver and myocardium.
Author Burke TM, Madsen EL, Zagzebski JA.
Journal Ultrason Imaging
Volume
Year 1987
Abstract Measurements were performed on freshly-excised bovine liver and myocardium to determine the ultrasonic scattering nature of the tissues under a variety of experimental conditions. Results for the angular distribution of the differential scattering cross section per unit volume of tissue are reported for scattering angles spanning 170 to 44 degrees for interrogating frequencies of 1.0, 2.25, 3.5 and 5.0 MHz. Fresh and aged tissues, some with abnormally high connective tissue content were analyzed. The results are compared to previously-published works.


Title A propagation-backpropagation method for ultrasound tomography.
Author Natterer F, Wubbeling F.
Journal Inverse Problems
Volume
Year 1995
Abstract Ultrasound tomography is modelled by the inverse problem of a 2D Helmholtz equation at fixed frequency with plane-wave irradiation. It is assumed that the field is measured outside the support of the unknown potential f for finitely many incident waves. Starting out from an initial guess f0 for f we propagate the measured field through the object f0 to yield a computed held whose difference to the measurements is in turn backpropagated. The backpropagated field is used to update f0. The propagation as well as the backpropagation are done by a finite difference marching scheme. The whole process is carried out in a single-step fashion, i.e. the updating is done immediately after backpropagating a single wave. It is very similar to the well known ART method in X-ray tomography, with the projection and backprojection step replaced by propagation and backpropagation.


Title A pulsed Doppler ultrasonic system for making noninvasive measurements of the mechanical properties of soft tissue.
Author Krouskop TA, Dougherty DR, Vinson FS.
Journal J Rehabil Res Dev
Volume
Year 1987
Abstract In response to the need for a more precise means of predicting the interaction of a prosthetic socket with an amputee?s residual limb, a gated Doppler ultrasonic motion sensing system was devised for making noninvasive measurements of the elastic modulus of soft tissue in vivo. Ultrasound was chosen for its ability to indicate the viscoelastic behavior of biological materials without damaging tissue. The system consists of a holding jig to support the limb being tested, a tissue vibrator, and an ultrasonic transducer to monitor the motion of the tissue. The ultrasonic transducer is controlled by an external computer to control the depth at which the sensor is measuring tissue displacement. This ultrasonic measuring technique provides as much information as more conventional techniques, but with more convenience and fewer restrictions.


Title A quantitative similarity between some biological effects of ultrasound and microwaves.
Author Dunn F, Schwan HP.
Journal Br J Cancer Suppl
Volume
Year 1982
Abstract No abstract available.


Title A quantitative ultrasound-based method and device for reliably guiding pathologists to metastatic regions of dissected lymph nodes.
Author Coron A, Mamou J, Saegusa-Beecroft E, Oelze ML, Yamaguchi T, Hata M, Machi J, Yanagihara E, Laugier P, Feleppa EJ.
Journal Proc Int Symp Biomed Imaging
Volume
Year 2012
Abstract Our group is developing a method based on 3D high-frequency ultrasound (HFU) and 3D quantitative ultrasound (QUS) to help pathologists detect micrometastases in freshly-excised lymph nodes of patients with histologically-proven primary cancer. From a signal and image processing perspective, we report on our efforts to acquire and classify lymph-node tissue based on 3D QUS parameter estimates. We evaluated classifier performance against gold-standard histology. Using our database of 134 abdominal cancer-free nodes and 26 fully cancerous abdominal nodes, a conservative threshold gave a sensitivity and specificity of 99.3% and 73.1%, respectively. We also constructed a 3D cancer-likelihood map of a partially metastatic lymph node and compared that map with histology. This representation potentially can be useful for guiding pathologists to suspicious regions requiring histological evaluation.


Title A ray tracing approach to restoration and resolution enhancement in experimental ultrasound tomography.
Author Andersen AH.
Journal Ultrason Imaging
Volume
Year 1990
Abstract Recursive ray tracing is applied for experimental time-of-flight projection data to achieve a resolution enhancement over the initial straight-ray reconstructed velocity image. Curved-ray reconstruction is performed using the dedicated simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART). Tomographic reconstructions from experimental data are compared to images obtained from simulated projection data for a refractive field mimicking the actual tissue-equivalent phantom. The simulation study adequately explains the macrostructural geometric distortion and loss of resolution in the straight-ray image due to refraction effects that are unaccounted for.


Title A real tim system for quantifying and displaying two-dimensional velocities using ultrasound.
Author Bohs LN, Friemel BH, McDermott BA, Trahey GE.
Journal Ultrasound Med Biol
Volume
Year 1993
Abstract This paper describes a system that has been developed for measuring two-dimensional velocities in real time using ultrasound. The instrument tracks interframe speckle pattern motion using a Sum-Absolute-Difference (SAD) algorithm in order to produce a vector map of 2D velocities. The system's parallel architecture allows calculation of approximately 20,000 vectors per second using the current tracking geometry. A programmable graphics processor encodes individual velocity vectors with color and displays them superimposed on the B-mode image in real time. In vitro tests indicate that the system can track velocities well over the Doppler aliasing limit in any direction in the scan plane with greater than 94% accuracy. A color encoded image obtained from a flow phantom highlights the system's ability to display lateral motion with uniform coloration, in contrast to the two-color display of current ultrasonic Doppler instruments.


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