Bioacoustics Research Lab
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering | Department of Bioengineering
Department of Statistics | Coordinated Science Laboratory | Beckman Institute | Food Science and Human Nutrition | Division of Nutritional Sciences | College of Engineering
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William D. O'Brien, Jr. publications:

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Title Lateral resolution of plane circular transducers depending on bandwidth and attenuation.
Author Holzer F, Schuy S, Richer KP, Millner R.
Journal Proc World Cogres Ultrasound in Biol Med
Volume
Year 1985
Abstract No abstract available.


Title Lateral resoution in elastography.
Author Righetti R, Srinivasan S, Ophir J.
Journal Ultrasound Med Biol
Volume
Year 2003
Abstract The factors that control the lateral resolution in elastography were investigated using a simulation study. The lateral resolution was estimated from the simulated axial strain elastograms as the smallest measurable distance between two equally stiff lesions embedded in a homogenously softer background. The lesions were symmetrically positioned lateral to the center of the target, at the focus of the transducer. Ultrasound (US) systems with different transducer frequencies, bandwidths and f-numbers were simulated. The effects of the ultrasonic parameters, the lateral spacing between adjacent echo signals, the cross-correlation window length, the lesion/background elastic contrast and the lateral motion of scatterers on the estimated lateral resolution were investigated. The results show that the lateral resolution in elastography is proportional to the beamwidth of the US system used to acquire the data, and is on the same order as the sonographic lateral resolution.


Title Lesion development in focused ultrasound surgery: A general model.
Author Hill CR, Rivens I, Vaughan MG, Ter Haar GR.
Journal Ultrasound Med Biol
Volume
Year 1994
Abstract An analytical model has been constructed for the process of formation of thermal lesions in tissue, resulting from exposure to intense, highly focused ultrasound beams such as may be used in minimally invasive surgery. The model assumes a Gaussian approximation to beam shape in the focal region and predicts, for any such focal beam, the time delay to initiation of a lesion and the subsequent time course of growth of that lesion in lateral and axial dimensions, taking into account the effects of thermal diffusion and blood perfusion. The necessary approximations and assumptions of the model are considered. Comparison of predictions with experimentally measured data on excised pig liver indicate generally good agreement. Comparisons are also made of this theory with previously published data on exposure-time dependence of lesioning threshold intensity. Deficiencies are identified in existing practice for measuring and reporting acoustic exposures for focused ultrasound surgery, and the proposal is therefore made that a quantity that would be more satisfactory, from the viewpoints both of metrology and biophysical relevance, is the intensity spatially averaged over the area enclosed by the half-pressure-maximum contour in the focal plane, as determined under linear conditions, provisionally denoted as ISAL.


Title Lesion resolution following exposure of rat lung to pulsed ultrasound.
Author Zachary JF Frizzell LA O'Brien WD Jr.
Journal Proc Ultrason Symp IEEE
Volume
Year 2000
Abstract Ultrasound has an exceptional safety record, but concerns have been raised by reports of clinical-level ultrasound-induced lung haemorrhage in mice, rats, rabbits, monkeys, and pigs. This study characterized the temporal reparative (healing) responses in lung following the induction of lesions by pulsed ultrasound (3.14 MHz, 1700-Hz PRF, 1.4-μs pulse duration, 60-s exposure duration, in situ [at the pleural surface] peak rarefactional pressure of 17 MPa, and in situ peak compressional pressure of 39.7 MPa). Following exposure, lung lesions were evaluated at 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, 14, and 16 days post exposure (dpe). Lungs were scored for the presence of lesions, recorded digitally, and fixed in 10% formalin. After fixation, the dimensions of each lesion at the visceral pleural surface were measured. The lesions were bisected and the depth measured. The temporal changes were indicative of degradation of erythrocytes through processing and removal of hemoglobin and iron pigments. Microscopic lesions paralleled the gross lesions and reparative responses resulted in minimal alteration of lung structure. The reparative response in lung was analogous to reparative responses in soft tissues associated with bruising, but also had a proliferative phase characterized by focal hyperplasia of spindloid cells whose phenotypes need to be determined.


Title Lesions of ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage are not consistent with thermal injury.
Author Zachary JF, Blue JP Jr, Miller RJ, Ricconi BJ, Eden JG, O'Brien WD Jr.
Journal Ultrasound Med Biol
Volume
Year 2006
Abstract Thermal injury, a potential mechanism of ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage, was studied by comparing lesions induced by an infrared laser (a tissue-heating source) with those induced by pulsed ultrasound. A 600-mW continuous-wave CO2 laser (wavelength not, vert, similar10.6 μm) was focused (680-μm beamwidth) on the surface of the lungs of rats for a duration between 10 to 40 s; ultrasound beamwidths were between 310 and 930 μm. After exposure, lungs were examined grossly and then processed for microscopic evaluation. Grossly, lesions induced by laser were somewhat similar to those induced by ultrasound; however, microscopically, they were dissimilar. Grossly, lesions were oval, red to dark red and extended into subjacent tissue to form a cone. The surface was elevated, but the center of the laser-induced lesions was often depressed. Microscopically, the laser-induced injury consisted of coagulation of tissue, cells and fluids, whereas injury induced by ultrasound consisted solely of alveolar hemorrhage. These results suggest that ultrasound-induced lung injury is most likely not caused by a thermal mechanism.


Title Lesions of ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage are not consistent with thermal injury.
Author Zachary JF, Blue JP Jr, Miller RJ, Ricconi BJ, Eden JG, O'Brien WD Jr.
Journal Ultrasound Med Biol
Volume
Year 2006
Abstract Thermal injury, a potential mechanism of ultrasound-induced lung hemorrhage, was studied by comparing lesions induced by an infrared laser (a tissue-heating source) with those induced by pulsed ultrasound. A 600-mW continuous-wave CO2 laser (wavelength ∼10.6 μm) was focused (680-μm beamwidth) on the surface of the lungs of rats for a duration between 10 to 40 s; ultrasound beamwidths were between 310 and 930 μm. After exposure, lungs were examined grossly and then processed for microscopic evaluation. Grossly, lesions induced by laser were somewhat similar to those induced by ultrasound; however, microscopically, they were dissimilar. Grossly, lesions were oval, red to dark red and extended into subjacent tissue to form a cone. The surface was elevated, but the center of the laser-induced lesions was often depressed. Microscopically, the laser-induced injury consisted of coagulation of tissue, cells and fluids, whereas injury induced by ultrasound consisted solely of alveolar hemorrhage. These results suggest that ultrasound-induced lung injury is most likely not caused by a thermal mechanism.


Title Letter from the editor.
Author Holmes jh.
Journal J Clin Ultrasound
Volume
Year 1973
Abstract No abstract available.


Title Letter- Intrauterine diagnosis and ultrasound.
Author Robinson A.
Journal Lancet
Volume
Year 1973
Abstract No abstract available.


Title Letter: Questions safety of ultrasound.
Author Scheidt PC.
Journal Pediatrics
Volume
Year 1976
Abstract No abstract available.


Title Letter: Ultrasound and "in vitro" chromosome aberrations.
Author Macintosh IJ, Brown RC, Coakley WT.
Journal Br J Radiol
Volume
Year 1975
Abstract No abstract available.


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